Introduction: Assessment of the larynx and trachea presents a considerable challenge, particularly in the neonatal period, as conventional evaluation of these structures relies predominantly on invasive and uncomfortable methodologies. Ultrasonographic examination emerges as a non-invasive, readily accessible diagnostic modality that minimally compromises patient comfort. Methods: The investigation was designed as a prospective study. Between 2022 and 2023, ultrasonographic examinations of the larynx and trachea were performed during the first days of life in a cohort of 300 Caucasian neonates, born between 32 and 42 weeks of gestation. Measurements of the anatomical structures of the larynx, trachea, and their lumens were obtained. Results: Statistical analysis of the collected data examined correlations between the dimensions of the studied laryngeal and tracheal structures and the neonates’ anthropometric parameters, as well as their birth age. Using a percentile regression model, centile charts were generated to illustrate the relationships between the measurements of the larynx, trachea, and their lumens and the body weight of the newborns. Conclusion: The findings contribute novel, previously unpublished insights into the ultrasonographic evaluation of the larynx and trachea in neonates. This publication offers an analytical account of data derived from the study, which has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT05636410).