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Photopic (tint) ultrasound in musculoskeletal radiology – a pilot visual-grading/acceptability study

Sarah Lim1, Hasaam Uldin2, Neel Raja3, Ankit Shah4, Christopher Speers5, Rajesh Botchu2

Affiliation and address for correspondence
J Ultrason 2026; 26: 12
DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2026.0012
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Abstract

Background: While grayscale ultrasound is the standard in musculoskeletal imaging, photopic imaging, where the entire image is colorized, may enhance visual perception by leveraging human color discrimi- nation. Despite its theoretical benefits, its clinical value remains underexplored. Objective: To assess the perceived interpretability/helpfulness, image quality, and visual appeal of photopic (tint) ultrasound im- aging compared to conventional grayscale (B-mode) imaging in musculoskeletal radiology. Methods: A retrospective analysis reviewed 20 musculoskeletal cases sequentially collected from two centers. B-mode images were recolored using various tints on Siemens Acuson S2000 and GE Logiq Fortis equipment. Two final-year residents specializing in musculoskeletal radiology independently rated image quality, visual appeal, and diagnostic value on a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa. Results: Tint images received consistently high scores, with a minimum rating of 4 across all catego- ries. The images were rated a mean score of 4 for quality, visual appeal, and diagnostic value by both readers. Median and mode scores were 4 or 5 in all subcategories. High inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.8) indicated strong agreement between reviewers. Conclusion: Photopic ultrasound imaging demonstrates high image quality, visual appeal, and perceived interpretability/helpfulness in musculoskeletal applica- tions. The technique shows promise as a complementary tool to grayscale imaging, with potential benefits in teaching as well as clinical interpretation, particularly for trainees. Further research with larger cohorts and experienced radiologists is warranted.

Keywords
ultrasonography; musculoskeletal system; color; image interpretation; radiology