The common peroneal nerve is one of the most frequent sites of neuropathy around the knee. Owing to its superficial course, it is highly vulnerable to both trauma and mechanical compression. High-frequency ultrasonography enables real-time, dynamic evaluation of the common peroneal nerve along its entire trajectory from the popliteal fossa to the exit from the peroneal tunnel. This article presents a stepwise, structured ultrasound protocol for the assessment of the common peroneal nerve in the peri-knee region. Supported by illustrative images and videos, the protocol is expected to facilitate practical applicability in daily practice and improve diagnostic accuracy.

Meniscal injuries are frequent findings in clinical practice and may arise from acute trauma, progressive degeneration, or joint instability. While MRI remains the gold-standard modality for identifying these lesions, ultrasound has emerged as a valuable complementary technique thanks to its accessibility, low cost, real-time capability, and ability to perform dynamic assessments at the point of care. Increasingly, clinicians and radiologists are relying on ultrasound to detect and characterize subtle meniscal abnormalities that might otherwise be missed or underestimated.

To review the anatomy, biomechanics, ultrasound technique, and imaging features of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, and to highlight the role of ultrasound relative to MRI in evaluating syndesmotic injuries. A literature-based narrative review was performed, focusing on normal and pathologic ultrasound findings of the syndesmotic ligaments and their MRI correlation.

The aponeurotic expansion of the supraspinatus tendon is a recognized but underappreciated anatomical structure of the shoulder. Its sonographic appearance may mimic or coexist with pathology of adjacent tendons, particularly the long head of the biceps tendon, creating diagnostic challenges. Although described in prior literature, many atypical variants remain insufficiently documented. This study aimed to characterize atypical sonographic manifestations of the aponeurotic expansion of the supraspinatus tendon and to propose new classifications based on its relationship with the supraspinatus tendon, its position within the rotator interval, and its association with the long head of the biceps tendon.

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compressive neuropathy of the upper limb after carpal tunnel syndrome and results from entrapment of the ulnar nerve around the elbow. High-resolution ultrasound has become a central diagnostic modality because of its excellent spatial resolution, capacity for dynamic assessment, and broad availability in clinical practice. This review offers an integrated and updated overview of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome, detailing relevant anatomy, characteristic normal and pathological appearances, and key considerations in postoperative follow-up.

Adipose tissue of the extremities has been largely neglected in musculoskeletal ultrasound (US), beyond the assessment of superficial nodules or the exclusion of deep complications in superficial infections. Three developments have brought it to the fore: a more refined understanding of its anatomy and function − recognizing adipose tissue not merely as a passive fat store but as a metabolic and endocrine organ and a regulator of inflammation; advances in US technique; and the wider adoption of US across medical specialties, particularly dermatology and plastic surgery.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of cranial ultrasound in detecting skull fractures in children with head trauma, with computed tomography as the reference standard, and to assess the impact of imaging findings on hospital admission and management decisions. This retrospective single-center observational study included 619 pediatric patients (0–14 years) presenting with head trauma to a pediatric hospital between 2020 and 2025.