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Enhancing knee imaging via histology and anatomy-driven high-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound

Giorgio Tamborrini*1,2, Raphael Micheroli*1,3, Vincenzo Ricci4, Marco Becciolini5,6, Mario Garcia-Pompermayer7, Andres Serrano Belmar Gonzalo8, Mireille Toranelli9, Felix Margenfeld#9, Magdalena Müller-Gerbl#9

Affiliation and address for correspondence
J Ultrason 2025; 25: 8
DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2025.0008
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Abstract

Purpose: To provide an overview of the normal anatomy of the knee using high-resolution ultrasonography. Materials and methods: Normal ultrasound images were obtained from a healthy subject, and corresponding images of human anatomy and histology were acquired from body donors. Results: Several high-resolution ultrasound, anatomical, and histological images were created to illustrate and comprehensively describe the basic standard scans in compliance with international standards. This atlas summarizes a selection of typical normal findings. Conclusions: This overview explains the normal anatomy of the knee as seen by ultrasonography. High-resolution knee musculoskeletal ultrasonography aims to provide an accurate structural evaluation, which requires comprehensive knowledge of sonoanatomy. When used appropriately, contemporary high-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasonography enhances knee imaging by connecting anatomical cross-sections and intricate histology to specific anatomical features.

Keywords
musculoskeletal; ultrasound; histology; knee; sonography